How the Coast FIRE calculator works
Updated November 2026
What Coast FIRE is
Coast FIRE is the moment your savings start carrying you. You have invested enough that, if you never added another dollar, the pot would still grow into your full retirement number by your retirement age. You are not retired at that point, and you still need income to live on. What changes is the job your income has to do: it only has to cover your bills, not fund your retirement too.
The formula, in plain words and symbols
Three steps, and the calculator above runs exactly these:
Step 1: your retirement number. retirement number = yearly spending in retirement / (withdrawal rate / 100). At the standard 4 percent rule of thumb, that is your yearly spending divided by 0.04, which is 25 times your yearly spending. The 4 percent figure is a rule of thumb, stated openly, not a promise.
Step 2: your growth factor. growth factor = (1 + return / 100) ^ years left, where years left is your retirement age minus your current age. At a 7 percent return over 30 years, the factor is about 7.61: a dollar invested today becomes about $7.61, if that return actually happens every year, which real markets never do so smoothly.
Step 3: your coast number. coast number = retirement number / growth factor. Because growth does most of the work over a long run, the coast number is far smaller than the retirement number, and it gets smaller the younger you are when you reach it.
The crossing age answers the same question from the other side: the age where the pot you already have, growing at your return with no new money added, reaches the full retirement number. If that age lands before your retirement age, you are past your coast number. If it lands after, the gap tells you how much more would put you on the line.
A worked example
Take the numbers this calculator opens with. Age 35, with $100,000 invested, planning to retire at 65 and spend $30,000 a year, at a 7 percent return and the standard 4 percent withdrawal rate.
Step 1: $30,000 / 0.04 gives a retirement number of $750,000.00. Step 2: (1 + 0.07) ^ 30 years gives a growth factor of about 7.61. Step 3: $750,000.00 / 7.61 gives a coast number of $98,525.34. The $100,000 already invested is past that line by $1,474.66. Left alone, that pot reaches the full $750,000.00 at age 64.8, just before the planned retirement age of 65. Change any one input and every one of those numbers moves; that is what the fields above are for.
How to read your result
Your coast number is the headline: the amount that needs to be invested today, on your assumptions. The gap is how far your current pot sits from it, or how far past it you already are. The crossing age is the same story told as an age: when today's pot, left alone, reaches the full retirement number. Test a lower return before you trust a cheerful answer; a coast number that only works at a high return is not a safe place to coast from.
What the math takes as given, and what it leaves out
The math holds your return steady every year, which real markets never do, and it works in today's dollars, with no split for inflation. It leaves out taxes, investment fees, pensions and government benefits, and any money you add from here on. It is a headline check, priced honestly: it tells you whether you are on the line, not what every year between here and retirement will look like.
The claiming side of the same retirement
Coast FIRE answers the saving side: have you saved enough. The claiming side, when to start Social Security so the later, bigger checks pull ahead, is a different formula with its own break-even age. The free Social Security break-even calculator answers that side of the same retirement, from your own benefit figure.
Sources
- The method is the standard Coast FIRE definition: the retirement number from the withdrawal rate, discounted back over the years left at the assumed return. It is the same method the paid workbook states on its own cover: Coast FIRE Calculator Spreadsheet (Kollaz, KM-028), "the standard 4 percent rule of thumb, stated openly".
- The 4 percent figure is a rule of thumb for sizing a retirement pot, labelled as one everywhere on this page. It is not a guarantee, and this calculator lets you replace it with any rate from 2 to 6 percent.
Educational information only, not financial advice. Consider a qualified professional for decisions about your specific situation.
