How the FIRE number calculator works
Updated November 2026
What a FIRE number is
FIRE stands for financial independence, retire early. Your FIRE number is the size of the pot that makes work a choice: once your investments reach it, your yearly spending in retirement can come out of the pot year after year, at the withdrawal rate you set. It is not a retirement date and it is not a promise. It is a target with a dollar figure on it, which is what makes it useful.
The formula, in plain words and symbols
Three steps, and the calculator above runs exactly these:
Step 1: your FIRE number. FIRE number = yearly spending in retirement / (withdrawal rate / 100). At the standard 4 percent rule of thumb, that is your yearly spending divided by 0.04, which is 25 times your yearly spending. The 4 percent figure is a rule of thumb, stated openly, not a promise.
Step 2: grow what you have. The money you have invested today grows at your assumed return for every year until your target age: invested today x (1 + return / 100) ^ years. At a 7 percent return over 20 years, the growth factor is about 3.87: a dollar invested today becomes about $3.87, if that return actually happens every year, which real markets never do so smoothly.
Step 3: grow what you add. Your monthly contribution is grouped into a year of savings at a time, added at the end of each year and grown at the same return. The two grown amounts added together are your pot at your target age. If that pot is at or past your FIRE number, your current path reaches it in time. If it falls short, the gap is the distance, and the crossing age tells you when this path gets there if you keep going past the target age.
A worked example
Take the numbers this calculator opens with. Age 35, aiming at 55, planning to spend $60,000 a year in retirement, with $100,000 invested today and $1,000 added each month, at a 7 percent return and the standard 4 percent withdrawal rate.
Step 1: $60,000 / 0.04 gives a FIRE number of $1,500,000.00. Step 2: the $100,000 grows by a factor of about 3.87 over 20 years, to about $386,968. Step 3: the $1,000 a month, a year of savings at a time, grows to about $491,946. Together the pot at age 55 is $878,914.35, which leaves a gap of $621,085.65 at the target age. Keep the same path going and the pot crosses $1,500,000.00 at age 61.9, about seven years late. That is an honest answer, and it points at the levers: more added each month, a later target age, or lower spending in retirement each move the crossing age. Change any one input above and every one of those numbers moves; that is what the fields are for.
How to read your result
Your FIRE number is the headline: the full target, sized from your spending. The pot at your target age is what your current path actually builds. The gap is the distance between the two at the age you picked, and the crossing age is the same story told as an age: when this path reaches the full number if nothing changes. Test a lower return before you trust a cheerful answer; a plan that only works at a high return is not a safe plan.
What the math takes as given, and what it leaves out
The math holds your return steady every year, which real markets never do, and it works in today's dollars, with no split for inflation. It leaves out taxes, investment fees, pensions and government benefits. It runs one path only: it does not compare saving more against spending less or retiring later. It is a headline check, priced honestly: it tells you the size of the target and whether this path reaches it, not what every year between here and retirement will look like.
The coast point on the same road
Your FIRE number is where the road ends. Partway along it sits a quieter milestone: the point where the money you have already invested would grow into the full number on its own, even if you stopped adding. That milestone has its own math, and the Kollaz Money guide Coast FIRE Calculator: Could You Stop Saving for Retirement Today? walks through it with worked dollar figures.
Sources
- The method is the standard FIRE number definition: the full pot sized from yearly spending and the withdrawal rate, tested against a path of growth plus steady contributions. It is the same starting point the paid workbook builds on: FIRE Calculator Spreadsheet (Kollaz, KM-011), which adds the five tiers and the what-if savings engine.
- The 4 percent figure is a rule of thumb for sizing a retirement pot, labelled as one everywhere on this page. It is not a guarantee, and this calculator lets you replace it with any rate from 2 to 6 percent.
Educational information only, not financial advice. Consider a qualified professional for decisions about your specific situation.
